<ul><li><p>Mas libros gratis en http://www.leeydescarga.com</p><p>http://www.leeydescarga.com</p></li><li><p>Introduction to Electric Circuits-------------------------------------------------------- EIGHTH EDITION</p><p>Richard C. DorfU n iv e rs ity o f C a lifo rn ia</p><p>James A. SvobodaC la rk so n U n iv e rs ity</p><p>WILEY</p><p>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p><p>Mas libros gratis en http://www.leeydescarga.com</p><p>http://www.leeydescarga.com</p></li><li><p>VICE PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE PUBLISHERASSOCIATE PUBLISHERSENIOR EDITORIAL ASSISTANTPRODUCTION SERVICES MANAGERPRODUCTION EDITOREXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGERCREATIVE DIRECTORDESIGNERMEDIA EDITORPRODUCTION SERVICES</p><p>Donald Fowley Dan Sayre Katie Singleton Dorothy Sinclair Janet Foxman Christopher Ruel Harry Nolan Jim OShea Lauren SapiraElm Street Publishing Services</p><p>COVER IMAGES: Main Image: Science Photo Library/Getty Images, Inc.; inset SuperStock. Inset images:C SuperStock; Goodshot/Jupiter/Getty Images, Inc.; Stockbyte/SuperStock.</p><p>This book was set in 10/12 pt in Times New Roman by Thomson Digital, and printed and bound by RRD Jefferson City. The cover was printed by RRD Jefferson City.</p><p>This book is printed on acid-free paper. @</p><p>Copyright c 2010, 2006, 2004, 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website ww.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., Ill River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, website wmv.wiley.com/go/permissions.</p><p>Evaluation copies are provided to qualified academics and professionals for review purposes only, for use in their courses during the next academic year. These copies are licensed and may not be sold or transferred to a third party. Upon completion of the review period, please return the evaluation copy to Wiley. Return instructions and a free of charge return shipping label are available at wrirw.wiley.com/go/returnlabel. Outside of the United States, please contact your local representative.</p><p>Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data</p><p>Dorf, Richard C.Introduction to electric circuits / Richard C. Dorf &amp; James A. Svoboda.8th ed.</p><p>p. cm.ISBN 978-0-470-52157-1 (cloth : alk. paper)1. Electric circuits. I. Svoboda, James A. II. Title.</p><p>TK454-.D67 2010 621.319'24dc22</p><p>2009047257</p><p>ISBN 978-0-470-52157-1</p><p>Printed in the United States of America</p><p>10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2</p><p>Mas libros gratis en http://www.leeydescarga.com</p><p>http://www.leeydescarga.com</p></li><li><p>T he scientific na tu re o f the o rd in ary m an Is to go on out and do the best he can. </p><p>John Prine</p><p>B ut, C ap ta in , I can n o t change the law s o f physics. Lt. Cmdr. Montogomery Scott (Scotty), USS Enterprise</p><p>D e d ica ted to ou r g ran dch ildren :</p><p>Ian C hristopher B o ilard , K yle E v ere tt S chafer, and G rah am H enry S ch afe rand</p><p>H eather L ynn S voboda, Jam es H ugh S voboda, Jaco b A rth u r L eis, M axw ell A ndrew L eis, and Jack M an d lin L effler</p><p>Mas libros gratis en http://www.leeydescarga.com</p><p>http://www.leeydescarga.com</p></li><li><p>About the Authors</p><p>Richard C. Dorf, professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Davis, teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in electrical engineering in the fields of circuits and control systems. He earned a PhD in electrical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, an MS from the University of Colorado, and a BS from Clarkson University. Highly concerned with the discipline of electrical engineering and its wide value to social and economic needs, he has written and lectured internationally on the contributions and advances in electrical engineering.</p><p>Professor Dorf has extensive experience with education and industry and is professionally active in the fields of robotics, automation, electric circuits, and communications. He has served as a visiting professor at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and the University of California at Berkeley.</p><p>A Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers and the American Society for Engineering Education, Dr. Dorf is widely known to the profession for his Modern Control Systems, eleventh edition (Prentice Hall, 2008) and The International Encyclopedia o f Robotics (Wiley, 1988). Dr. Dorf is also the coauthor of Circuits, Devices and Systems (with Ralph Smith), fifth edition (Wiley, 1992). Dr. Dorf edited the widely used ElectricalEngineering Handbook, third edition (CRC Press and IEEE press), published in 2008. His latest work is TechnologyVentures, third edition (McGraw-Hill 2010).</p><p>James A. Svoboda is an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at Clarkson University,where he teaches courses on topics such as circuits, electronics, and computer programming. He earned a PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Wisconsin at Madison, an MS from the University of Colorado, and a BS from General Motors Institute.</p><p>Sophomore Circuits is one of Professor Svoboda's favorite courses. He has taught this course to 5,500 undergraduates at Clarkson University over the past 30 years. In 1986, he received Clarkson Universitys Distinguished Teaching Award.</p><p>Professor Svoboda has written several research papers describing the advantages of using nullors to model electric circuits for computer analysis. He is interested in the way technology affects engineering education and has developed several software packages for use in Sophomore Circuits.</p><p>Mas libros gratis en http://www.leeydescarga.com</p><p>http://www.leeydescarga.com</p></li><li><p>Preface</p><p>The central theme of Introduction to Electric Circuits is the concept that electric circuits are part of the basic fabric of modem technology. Given this theme, we endeavor to show how the analysis and design of electric circuits are inseparably intertwined with the ability of the engineer to design complex electronic, communication, computer, and control systems as well as consumer products.</p><p>A P P R O A C H &amp; O R G A N I Z A T I O N</p><p>This book is designed for a one- to three-term course in electric circuits or linear circuit analysis and is structured for maximum flexibility. The flowchart in Figure 1 demonstrates alternative chapter organizations that can accommodate different course outlines without disrupting continuity.</p><p>The presentation is geared to readers who are being exposed to the basic concepts of electric circuits for the first time, and the scope of the work is broad. Students should come to the course with the basic knowledge of differential and integral calculus.</p><p>This book endeavors to prepare the reader to solve realistic problems involving electric circuits. Thus, circuits are shown to be the results of real inventions and the answers to real needs in industry, the office, and the home. Although the tools of electric circuit analysis may be partially abstract, electric circuits are the building blocks of modem society. The analysis and design of electric circuits are critical skills for all engineers.</p><p>W H A T ' S N E W I N T H E 8 TH E D I T I O N </p><p>Increased use of PSpice K and MATLABH</p><p>Significantly more attention has been given to using PSpice and MATLAB to solve circuits problems. It starts with two new appendixes, one introducing PSpice and the other introducing MATLAB. These appendixes briefly describe the capabilities of the programs and illustrate the steps needed to get started using them. Next, PSpice and MATLAB are used throughout the text to solve various circuit analysis and design problems. For example, PSpice is used in Chapter 5 to find a Thevenin equivalent circuit and in C hapter 15 to represent circuit inputs and outputs as Fourier series. MATLAB is frequently used to obtain plots of circuit inputs and outputs that help us see what our equations are telling us. MATLAB also helps us with some long and tedious arithmetic. For example, in Chapter 10, MATLAB helps us do the</p><p>Mas libros gratis en http://www.leeydescarga.com</p><p>http://www.leeydescarga.com</p></li><li><p> - P r e f a c e</p><p>1</p><p>ELECTRICCIRCUITVARIABLES</p><p>ColorCode</p><p>Matrices,Determinants</p><p>----'A.</p><p>2CIRCUIT</p><p>3RESISTIVECIRCUITS</p><p>4METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF W'</p><p>ELEMENTS RESISTIVECIRCUITS</p><p>ComplexNumbers</p><p>FIGURE 1 Flow chart showing alternative paths through the topics in this textbook.</p><p>complex arithmetic to analyze ac circuits and, in Chapter 14, MATLAB helps with the partial fraction required to find inverse Laplace transforms.</p><p>Of course, theres more to using PSpice and MATLAB than simply running the programs. We pay particular attention to interpreting the output o f these computer programs and checking it to make sure it is correct. Frequently, this is done in the section called, How Can We Check . . . included in every chapter. For example, Section 8.9 shows how to interpret and check a PSpice transient response, and Section 13.7 shows how to interpret and check a frequency response produced using MATLAB or PSpice.</p><p>Revisions to Improve Clarity</p><p>Chapter 15 covering the Laplace transform and the Fourier series and transform, Chapters 14 and 15, have been largely rewritten, both to improve clarity o f exposition and to significantly increase coverage of MATLAB and PSpice. In addition, revisions have been made throughout the text to improve clarity. Sometimes these revisions are small, involving sentences or paragraphs. Other, largerrevisions involve pages or even entire sections.</p><p>More Problems</p><p>The 8 th edition contains 120 new problems, bringing the total number o f problems to more than 1,3 50. This edition uses a variety of problem types and they range in difficulty from simple to challenging, including:</p><p>Mas libros gratis en http://www.leeydescarga.com</p><p>http://www.leeydescarga.com</p></li><li><p>Preface</p><p>PSpice</p><p>16FILTERCIRCUITS</p><p>1</p><p>13</p><p>FREQUENCYRESPONCE</p><p>14</p><p>THELAPLACETRANSFORM</p><p>THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER</p><p>15</p><p>FOURIERSERIESANDFOURIERTRANSFORM</p><p>17TWO-PORTNETWORKS</p><p>TWO-PORTNETWORKS</p><p>4</p><p>Legend: Primary flow</p><p>O</p><p>...</p><p>Chapter</p><p>AppendixOptional flow</p><p>Straightforward analysis problems.</p><p>Analysis of complicated circuits.</p><p>Simple design problems. (For example, given a circuit and the specified response, determine the required RLC values.)</p><p>Compare and contrast, multipart problems that draw attention to similarities or differences between two situations.</p><p>Mas libros gratis en http://www.leeydescarga.com</p><p>http://www.leeydescarga.com</p></li><li><p> MATLAB and PSpice problems.</p><p>. Design problems. (Given some specifications, devise a circuit that satisfies those specifications.) </p><p>. How Can We Check . . . ? (Verify that a solution is indeed correct.)</p><p>F E A T U R E S R E T A I N E D F R O M P R E V I O U S E D I T I O N S</p><p>Introduction</p><p>Each chapter begins with an introduction that motivates consideration o f the material o f that chapter. </p><p>Examples</p><p>Because this book is oriented toward providing expertise in problem solving, we have included more than 260 illustrative examples. Also, each example has a title that directs the student to exactly what is being illustrated in that particular example.</p><p>Various methods of solving problems are incorporated into select examples. These cases show students that multiple methods can be used to derive similar solutions or, in some cases, that m ultiple solutions can be correct. This helps students build the critical thinking skills necessary to discern the best choice between multiple outcomes.</p><p>Design Examples, a Problem-Solving Method, and 'How Can We Check . . . ' Sections</p><p>Each chapter concludes with a design example that uses the methods o f that chapter to solve a design problem. A formal, five-step problem-solving method is introduced in Chapter 1 and then used in each o f the design examples. An important step in the problem-solving method requires you to check your results to verify that they are correct. Each chapter includes a section entitled How Can We Check . . . that illustrates how the kind o f results obtained in that chapter can be checked to ensure correctness.</p><p>Key Equations and Formulas</p><p>You will find that key equations, formulas, and important notes have been called out in a shaded box to help you pinpoint critical information.</p><p>Summarizing Tables and Figures</p><p>The procedures and methods developed in this text have been summarized in certain key tables and hgures. Students will find these to be an important problem -solving resource.</p><p> Table 1.5-1. The passive convention.</p><p> Figure 2.7-1 and Table 2.7-1. Dependent sources.</p><p> Table 3.10-1. Series and parallel sources.</p><p> Table 3.10-1. Series and parallel elements. Voltage and current division.</p><p>Figure 4.2-3. Node voltages versus element currents and voltages.</p><p>Mas libros gratis en http://www.leeydescarga.com</p><p>http://www.leeydescarga.com</p></li><li><p> Figure 4.5-4. Mesh currents versus element currents and voltages.</p><p> Figures 5.4-3 and 5.4-4. Thevenin equivalent circuits.</p><p> Figure 6.3-1. The ideal op amp.</p><p> Figure 6.5-1. A catalog of popular op amp circuits.</p><p> Table 7.8-1. Capacitors and inductors.</p><p> Table 7.13-2. Series and parallel capacitors and inductors.</p><p> Table 8.11-1. First-order circuits.</p><p> Tables 9.13-1, 2, and 3. Second-order circuits.</p><p> Table 10.6-1. AC circuits in the frequency domain (phasors and impedances).</p><p> Table 10.8-1. Voltage and current division for AC circuits.</p><p> Table 11.5-1. Power formulas for AC circuits.</p><p> Tables 11.13-1 and 11.13-2. Coupled inductors and ideal transformers.</p><p> Table 13.4-1. Resonant circuits.</p><p> Tables 14.2-1 and 14.2-2. Laplace transform tables.</p><p> Table 14.7-1. s-domain models of circuit elements.</p><p> Table 15.4-1. Fourier series of selected periodic waveforms.</p><p>Introduction to Signal P rocessing</p><p>Signal processing is an important application of electric circuits. This book introduces signal processing in two ways. First, two sections (Sections 6.6 and 7.9) describe methods to design electric circuits that implement algebraic and differential equations. Second, numerous examples and problems throughout this book illustrate signal processing. The input and output signals of an electric circuit are explicitly identified in each of these examples and problems. These examples and problems investigate the relationship between the input and output signals that is imposed by the circuit.</p><p>Interactive Exam ples and Exercises</p><p>Numerous examples throughout this book are labeled as interactive examples. This label indicates that computerized versions of that example are available at the textbooks companion site, www.wiley. com/dorf. Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between the textbook example and the computerized example available on the Web-Site. Figure 2a shows an example from Chapter 3. The p...</p></li></ul>